This paper estimates the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from jet fuel production and consumption in Saudi Arabia using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The analysis covers both Well-to-Pump (WTT) and Tank-to-Wake (TTW) phases. WTT includes crude oil extraction, transport, production, and distribution of jet fuel, while TTW accounts for aircraft operation. Results show that under a base case scenario—where about half of the co-extracted natural gas is used for on-site power—Well-to-Wake emissions average 84.74 g CO₂eq/MJ, which is 4.79% lower than the conventional jet fuel default, but 5.79% higher than that of Low-Carbon Aviation Fuel (LCAF). WTT emissions contribute 13.8% of the total. Emissions could fall below 80.9 g CO₂eq/MJ by better managing co-extracted gas or integrating carbon capture systems (CCS). TTW measures, such as optimizing aircraft type and passenger load factors, also offer meaningful emission reduction potential.
